Differential–Algebraic Equations and Dynamic Systems on Manifolds

The authors consider current problems of the modern theory of dynamic systems on manifolds, which are actively developing. A brief review of such trends in the theory of dynamic systems is given. The results of the algebra of dual numbers, quaternionic algebras, biquaternions (dual quaternions), and their application to the analysis of infinitesimal neighborhoods and infinitesimal deformations of manifolds (schemes) are presented. The theory of differential---algebraic equations over the field of real numbers and their dynamics, as well as elements of trajectory optimization of respective dynamic systems, are outlined. On the basis of connection in bundles, the theory of differential---algebraic equations is extended to algebraic manifolds and schemes over arbitrary fields and schemes, respectively.