Bipolar electro-caloric effect in Sr x Ba (1−x) Nb 2 O 6 lead-free ferroelectric single crystal

Here we report the anomalous electro-caloric effect (ECE) observed in lead-free SrxBa(1−x)Nb2O6 (, 0.61 and 0.75) ferroelectric single crystals. Temperature-dependent hysteresis measurement revealed that the spontaneous polarization of SrxBa(1−x)Nb2O6 single crystals with all the compositions under investigation decreases with a decrease in the temperature below the temperature of the dielectric maxima . As a consequence, these crystals exhibited negative electro-caloric effect at lower temperature along with the usual positive ECE above . The EC coefficient obtained near is 0.21, 0.43 and 0.28 K mm/kV for , 0.61 and 0.75 samples, respectively. The maximum values of in the negative ECE region are −1.4, −0.81 and for 50SBN, 61SBN and 75SBN, respectively.