Indium incorporation and emission properties of nonpolar and semipolar InGaN quantum wells

We report indium incorporation properties on various nonpolar and semipolar free-standing GaN substrates. Electroluminescence characterization and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicate that the semipolar (202¯1¯) and (112¯2) planes have the highest indium incorporation rate among the studied planes. We also show that both indium composition and polarization-related electric fields impact the emission wavelength of the quantum wells (QWs). The different magnitudes and directions of the polarization-related electric fields for each orientation result in different potential profiles for the various semipolar and nonpolar QWs, leading to different emission wavelengths at a given indium composition.