Electromagnetic Theory and Optics

Maxwell’s equations constitute the basis of optics and electromagnetic theory, where these equations may be considered from the classical or the quantum point of view. Basic ideas and relations in the classical electromagnetic theory are briefly reviewed in this chapter. Important features of the monochromatic plane wave are indicated, including reflection, refraction, and total internal reflection at a planar interface. Features of plane wave propagation in dispersive dielectrics and conducting media are outlined. The relation between group velocity, velocity of energy propagation, and signal velocity is elucidated, referring to Sommerfeld’s and Brillouin’s work. It is briefly explained why a superluminal group velocity does not imply a violation of causality. Spherical and cylindrical wave solutions of Maxwell’s equations are introduced. Features of plane wave propagation in anisotropic media are discussed. Wave propagation in artificially engineered metamaterials is explained in outline. Basic concepts relating to coherence and states of polarization of electromagnetic waves are introduced.