NaxMV(PO4)3 (M = Mn, Fe, Ni) Structure and Properties for Sodium Extraction

NASICON (Na+ super ionic conductor) structures of NaxMV(PO4)3 (M = Mn, Fe, Ni) were prepared, characterized by aberration-corrected STEM and synchrotron radiation, and demonstrated to be durable cathode materials for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries. In Na4MnV(PO4)3, two redox couples of Mn3+/Mn2+ and V4+/V3+ are accessed with two voltage plateaus located at 3.6 and 3.3 V and a capacity of 101 mAh g–1 at 1 C. Furthermore, the Na4MnV(PO4)3 cathode delivers a high initial efficiency of 97%, long durability over 1000 cycles, and good rate performance to 10 C. The robust framework structure and stable electrochemical performance makes it a reliable cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.