An anti-murine CD3 monoclonal antibody with a low affinity for Fc gamma receptors suppresses transplantation responses while minimizing acute toxicity and immunogenicity

145-2C11, a hamster mAb directed against the mouse CD3 complex, is a potent immunosuppressive agent. Upon initial treatment, 145-2C11 triggers a systemic release of multiple cytokines that is responsible for the acute toxicity of the mAb. This cellular activation is a consequence of the cross-linking between T lymphocytes and Fc gamma R-bearing cells, mediated by the high affinity of the hamster mAb for murine Fc gamma Rs. Repeated mAb injections result in the onset of a neutralizing humoral response. Therefore, there has been an increased interest in developing nonmitogenic forms of anti-CD3 mAbs, although it is not clear whether these Abs will retain immunosuppressive properties. To determine whether the initial cytokine production is necessary for the immunosuppressive properties and the immunogenicity of anti-CD3 mAbs in vivo, we have generated chimeric (hamster 145-2C11 F(ab')2 region/mouse Fc gamma portion) mAbs using murine isotypes with different affinities for Fc gamma Rs. The 145-2C11 and a chimeric IgG2a isotype, both of which bind murine Fc gamma Rs avidly, had similar activating, immunogenic, and immunosuppressive properties in mice. The administration of a chimeric IgG3 isotype with a very low affinity for murine Fc gamma Rs did not result in cytokine production, a humoral response against the mAb, or TCR desensitization. Nevertheless, prolongation of skin graft survival was similar in the IgG3, IgG2a, and 145-2C11-treated mice, indicating that Fc gamma R nonbinding anti-CD3 mAbs retain potent immunosuppressive properties in vivo while not being immunogenic. This enhanced therapeutic to toxic profile may be beneficial in clinical transplantation.