Scheduling wind‐battery energy storage hybrid systems in time‐of‐use pricing schemes

Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are incorporated into wind farms to gain more profits by shifting energy over time and to track predetermined power schedules. In operations, charging/discharging power of the BESS is adjusted flexibly to follow the power schedules of the wind-BESS hybrid systems (W-BESS-HS), which are set to be the sum of short-term predicted wind powers and charging/discharging schedules of the BESS. In order to extend lifetime of batteries, the BESS operation is subject to a sequential charging/discharging state sequence, which is predetermined according to time-of-use (ToU) pricing schemes. An iteration scheme is presented to update scheduled charging/discharging rates of the BESS according to simulation results based on sequential Monte-Carlo simulation (SMCS) technology so that the W-BESS-HS can not only meet a probabilistic requirement on generation schedule tracking but also gain further economic benefits by achieving a trade-off between punishments resulted from power deviations and wind power curtailment losses. In the SMCS simulation, a series of real-time indices are presented to evaluate performances of the W-BESS-HS at every dispatching interval and provide updating directions of the iteration scheme. The research work can provide theoretical support when operating the W-BESS-HS in ToU pricing schemes.