Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in Fe/Sn-Codoped In2O3Powders and Thin Films

Fe/Sn-codoped In2O3 powders and films are prepared by a vacuum annealing process and a pulsed laser deposition technique, respectively. The structural and magnetic properties of the samples are investigated. The obvious room-temperature ferromagnetism is observed in both (In0.92Fe0.05Sn0.03)(2)O-3 powders and films, but their magnetic behaviors are very different. The ferromagnetism of the vacuum-annealed powders is partially due to precipitated Fe3O4 impurity. By contrast, the ferromagnetism of the films is intrinsic and does not originate from any magnetic impurity, as confirmed by the extensive x-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetization studies.