Interventional Ultrasound: Transperineal and Transrectal Prostatic Biopsy

PSA and/or rectal examination suspects remain the main indications for biopsy [1–4]. A prostate biopsy may be indicated for PSA values that exceed the thresholds of common use and almost always for values above 10 ng/ml; in this regard it is suggested to always repeat the PSA before making a decision. PSA level should be verified after a few weeks using the same assay under standardized conditions (i.e., no ejaculation, manipulations, urinary tract infections, prostate inflammation, and trauma) in the same laboratory [2, 3]. Empiric use of antibiotics in an asymptomatic patient in order to lower the PSA should not be undertaken [4].