Solid Phase Microextraction for Sensing Freely Dissolved Analytes in Complex Water Sample

Ever since its invention, solid phase microextraction (SPME) has been widely used for aqueous sampling. In recent years, this technique has received increasing attention for the analysis of complex water sample because of its capability of sensing freely dissolved analytes in the complex matrix. In this chapter, the development of negligible depletion SPME (nd-SPME) for the determination of freely dissolved analytes in complex water samples is reviewed. The fundamentals and sampling conditions of nd-SPME are first discussed. Then, the application of nd-SPME for measurement of sorption coefficients in complex matrixes is summarized. In addition, the calibration methods of nd-SPME are discussed in detail, especially the effect of complex matrix on the sampling kinetic. For the first time, the advances of complex matrix effects including retarded and enhanced effects on the SPME sampling kinetic are fully explored.