Risk Assessment in Small Renal Masses

The incidence of localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been steadily increasing, in large part because of the increased use of imaging. Optimizing the management of localized RCC has become one of the leading priorities and foremost challenges within the urologic-oncologic community. Adequate risk stratification of patients following the diagnosis of localized RCC has become meaningful in deciding whether to treat, how to treat, and how intensively to treat. This article characterizes the existing risk assessment models that can be useful as treatment decision aids for patients with localized RCC.