Feasibility study and spatial–temporal characteristics analysis for 28 GHz outdoor wireless channel modelling

This study presents analyses of the feasibility for the 28 GHz band with a comprehensive overview of important channel parameters. A channel measurement system with a time synchronisation scheme is also introduced which is a sliding correlator channel sounder using 250 Mcps (Mega-chips-per-second) pseudo-random noise sequences. The system enables the observation of the behaviour of 28 GHz wave propagation not only to use of forming narrow beams in certain directions (classical narrow beam beamforming) but also omni-likely. This novel synchronised system makes it possible to analyse the wideband channel characteristics. The outdoor channel measurements are conducted considering various features such as foliage effects, signal outage, path loss and outdoor-to-indoor conditions. Furthermore, the spatial channel modelling for omni-like observations with temporal characteristics is firstly interpreted through analysing the essential channel modelling parameters, including the number of clusters, excess delay, root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread, power delay spectrum, and angular spread. In the authors’ measurements, the average number of clusters was 2.41 with standard deviation of 1.44. The average RMS delay spread was 36.06 ns with standard deviation of 46.73 ns. Furthermore, the mean values of the RMS azimuth spreads of the angle of departure and arrival were 6.65° and 24.04°, respectively.