The root cause of innovation system problems: Formative measures and causal configurations

Innovation systems provide a structured approach to understanding innovation performance and failure. Two innovation system theories, structural and functional, provide the basis for understanding the failures of projects within the single innovation system under investigation. Many indicators of the strength of conditions in the model are important to innovation system performance. Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis is suitable for the validation of formative measurement models. The survey instrument meets validity criteria to the extent of this research and is a useful diagnostic tool for innovation system performance.