Research progress on tin-based anode materials for sodium ion batteries

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) is considered as a promising alternative to the widely used lithium ion batteries in view of the abundant resources and uniform distribution of sodium on the earth. However, due to the lack of suitable anode and cathode materials, especially the anode materials with excellent performance, its practical application is trapped. In recent years, lots of attentions are devoted to developing new electrode materials with high sodium storage capacity and long life. In a large number of anode material libraries, tin-based materials with alloying reaction mechanism show great potential for application in high-energy SIBs due to their high theoretical specific capacity. In this paper, detailed and comprehensive research progress on tin-based anodes (including tin metal, tin alloy as well as its compounds) in recent years is summarized. Specific efforts to improve the electrochemical properties of tin-based anode materials are discussed. Moreover, the challenges and prospects of these anode materials are also proposed in this review.