Modeling and Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicle

The transportation systems have become more electrified, and the major countries of the world program using electric scooters, electric bicycles, electric trains, electric buses, and electric vehicles for their transport. The traditional energy resource stocks are still decreasing rapidly, which makes the world afraid about the future of the transport sector. Therefore, several international restrictions and laws have limited using this kind of energy in relation to the transport sector by encouraging public transport and making a high taxes for the highly energy-consuming cars. The robustness and the efficiency of transportation systems designs are related especially to the internal electric motor and to the battery capacity used. From the other side, the energy management problem presents a serious factor that must be optimized in order to guarantee the overall efficiency and rentability. This chapter explores the modeling and control of hybrid electric vehicles.