In vivo Evaluation of Indolyl Glyoxamides in the Phenotypic Sea Urchin Embryo Assay

We have devised a ‘one-pot’ phenotypic in vivo assay for the rapid evaluation of potential tubulin inhibitors using the sea urchin embryo model. An effect of a small molecule on two specific developmental stages of sea urchin embryo, namely: (i) fertilized egg test for antimitotic activity and (ii) behavioral monitoring of a free-swimming blastulae for changes in the embryo swimming pattern could be quantified by a threshold concentration resulting in respective abnormalities. Derivatives of the clinical candidate D-24851 featured good correlation between activity in tubulin polymerization assay and our in vivo data. Importantly, we demonstrated that in these series, the N-substitution of indole is non-essential to attain profound in vitro and cellular effects.