The Social Practices of Governing

Delhi’s slums face recurrent and disturbing waste water-related problems: overflowing drains, stagnation of sewerage near or within houses, and subsequent mosquito breeding cause difficulties for everyday life and serious health hazards. The question arises for the affected people as well as administration, how to deal with this tremendous challenge? Governance is defined as ‘exercise of authority, control, management, power of government’ (World Bank, 1992, p. 3) and is used to explain differential outcomes of development interventions. It is widely recognized to be the task of the state, the private sector and civil society conjunctly (UNDP, 1997). Yet, the development debate is suggestive of a rather organized process of governance; of negotiations that lead to the identification of a common goal; and of a rational, technical, and somewhat apolitical management of means of reaching this goal. From this perspective, the waste water situation in Delhi’s slums presents a clear case of governance failure. This article aims at shedding these assumptions and the conclusion they point at, and rather expose the scattered, piece-meal and conflict-ridden character of governance practices and outcomes in the urban everyday. It therefore takes a bottom-up perspective on governance, starting from the empirical evidence of waste water governance in one slum cluster in west Delhi.