Endoscopic management of malignant gastric outlet obstruction

Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a clinical entity characterized by postprandial vomiting, epigastric abdominal pain, bloating or discomfort, early satiety, and eventually weight loss. GOO may not be clinically evident until high-grade obstruction occurs due to the unique ability of the stomach to distend significantly to accommodate large volumes. GOO is caused by mechanical gastroduodenal obstruction or motility disorders and can be divided into 3 major categories: benign mechanical, malignant mechanical, and motility disorders. Treatment options include surgical interventions such as resection or bypass surgery, and endoscopic procedures such as enteral stenting and endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy.