Short-exposure image resolution: Tilt definition study

The resolution of short-exposure imaging through turbulence is studied with simulation for two phase tilt definitions, Z-tilt and G-tilt, which are applied to remove the instantaneous aperture averaged tilt in a short exposure. Applying the Z-tilt definition provides results that are consistent with Fried’s short-exposure theory. Applying the G-tilt definition produces narrower point spread functions that can deviate significantly from far-field theory.