Biotechnological Approach for Enhancing Capability of Brassica oleracea var. italica Against Stresses Under Changing Climate

By drastic increment in frequency fluctuation of climatic phenomena worldwide which the consequences majorly negatively have been multifacetedly affecting world’s economy with agriculture section at the pinnacle, is threatening the food security of a large portion of growing population on the Earth to a dangerous level in addition to the percentage that already dealing with food inadequacy. The impacts on this section mainly targeting the productivity and quality of temperate vegetable crops (mainly negative and positive is some cases) and among them Brassicas unquestionably key crops that are an essential source of plant-based protein which increases the incidence of environmental stressors, high temperature, in particular, leads to yield losses to a large quantity since they are vernalization required, a low-temperature period to reach the reproduction phase. In case of the point, Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) a nutritionally and medicinally well-known staple vegetable that in the recent two or three decades has greatly mirrored the devastating effects of global warming owing to its supersensitive crud initiation period and degradation in the salability of heads as a result of heat stress which hopefully with the aim of biotechnology toolbox initial steps toward untwining the complex polygenetically regulated characteristics of heat tolerance and crud quality have been taken and lines of broccoli with non-vernalization requirements have been identified that could expand the broccoli cultivation to tropics. Putative QTLs associated with high-temperature resistance and crud initiation have been detected through gene pyramiding and molecular assistant selection aims to develop commercial cultivars. Gene transformation in broccoli to improve the capability of the current cultivars in addition to elevated CO2 scenario with its influences on broccoli have been studied extensively. The aim of this chapter is to reflect the result of studies concerning reaction and identifying the underlying genetic or protein bases involved in resistance to abiotic or biotic stresses.