The Approach to the Ureter by Ureteroscopy

Ureteroscopy has an important role in the practice of the modern urologist. The procedure is usually performed under locoregional anaesthesia even if general anaesthesia is still considered the standard. Placement of a guide wire (safety guide wire) represents the starting point to perform safely a ureteroscopy, just in case of complications during the endoscopic manoeuvres. There is no consensus on dilation of the ureteral orifice and on ureteral stenting at the end of the procedure. Dilation of the ureteral lumen directly under vision as well as the use of ureteral sheath can be considered in particular cases. Ureteroscopy is largely performed in many urologic centers at the present, but it requires ability and experience.