Strengthened ferroelectric response in hexagonal Ho1-xGdxMnO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) compounds

The Single phase Ho1-xGdxMnO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) compounds were synthesized by solid-state reaction techniques and characterized with various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ferroelectric loop tracer. The Rietveld refined X-ray diffraction and Raman patterns indicate that all the compounds exhibit a single-phase hexagonal structure with a P63cm space group. The room temperature Raman spectra signify that the phonon peaks observed in all reported samples, slightly shift towards the lower temperatures. Moreover, an increase in the polarization values and reduction of leaky nature with increment in Gd concentration has been observed. The improved ferroelectric parameter obtained in our study is an advancement in the present understanding of multiferroic compounds.