Three-dimensional Radiography of the Kidney

The methods and materials used at present for the intra-operative radiographic exploration of the kidney are somehow very deficient. This is reflected in the great number of recurrences which, in most cases, are due to residual calculi not detected at the time of surgery because of the poor quality of the radiographic material, or because it was not possible to find them, not having an adequate technique to localize the small fragments with exactitude in the renal space. The surgery and the radiographic exploration of renal lithiasis have up to now been carried out in a very simplistic manner.