Optimum direct current magnetic bias in ferromagnetic phase for improvement of magnetoelectric effect

To improve the direct and converse magnetoelectric effects, a magnetic bias field is essential to first excite the magnetization and then determine its sensitivity to a large extent. Based on the minimum energy principle, a ferromagnetic phase model is constructed and amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys are then adopted as example materials to perform numerical calculations to optimize the magnetoelectric effect. Experimental verification of the model showed that the mechanical tensile strain determines the optimum bias in a nonlinear but bijection-type correlation. To improve the magnetoelectric effect in general terms, different ranges of induced strain require a specific optimum bias that can be precisely calculated using the model solution derived in this letter.