Effect of fish meal substitution with fermented soy pulp on growth performance, digestive enzyme, amino acid profile, and immune-related gene expression of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Fermented soy pulp (FSP) is currently capturing attention worldwide because of the high price of fish meal and its inconsistent supply in recent years. FSP replaces fish meal as a source of protein and energy towards improved fish health and growth. The protein replacement was employed in this study to assess the growth and health status, digestive enzyme, amino acid profile, and immune-related gene expression of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. The duration of the feeding experiment was 70 days. Five isonitrogenous. (32% crude protein) diets were prepared with FSP replacing D1 (0% FSP), D2 (25% FSP), D3 (50% FSP), D4 (75% FSP) and D5 (100% FSP) to FM component of the diets. D1 diet with 0% FSP was considered as a control. The fermentation process of FSP was carried out for three weeks. This resulted in the experimental diets having significantly different (p