Calculation for grain growth rate of carbon steels by solute drag model considering segregation effect of each substitutional element

Based on the solute drag model, a practical model incorporating the segregation effect is proposed to calculate grain growth rates in carbon steels. The segregation effect is modelled using two factors: the difference in atomic diameter between a solvent and a substitutional element, and the solubility of a substitutional element. By including the segregation energy, the proposed model enables the simulated retardation of grain growth by the addition of microalloying elements. The calculated grain growth rate by the proposed model shows reasonable correspondence between grain growth rates for experimental and calculated results. The temperature dependence of the grain growth rate is also well simulated.