Adaptive Hierarchical Voltage Control of a DFIG-Based Wind Power Plant for a Grid Fault

This paper proposes an adaptive hierarchical voltage control scheme of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind power plant (WPP) that can secure more reserve of reactive power ( ${Q}$ ) in the WPP against a grid fault. To achieve this, each DFIG controller employs an adaptive reactive power to voltage ( $\textit{Q}-\textit{V}$ ) characteristic. The proposed adaptive $\textit{Q}-\textit{V}$ characteristic is temporally modified depending on the available ${Q}$ capability of a DFIG; it is dependent on the distance from a DFIG to the point of common coupling (PCC). The proposed characteristic secures more ${Q}$ reserve in the WPP than the fixed one. Furthermore, it allows DFIGs to promptly inject up to the ${Q}$ limit, thereby improving the PCC voltage support. To avert an overvoltage after the fault clearance, washout filters are implemented in the WPP and DFIG controllers; they can prevent a surplus ${Q}$ injection after the fault clearance by eliminating the accumulated values in the proportional-integral controllers of both controllers during the fault. Test results demonstrate that the scheme can improve the voltage support capability during the fault and suppress transient overvoltage after the fault clearance under scenarios of various system and fault conditions; therefore, it helps ensure grid resilience by supporting the voltage stability.