Nanotube/Biopolymer Nanocomposites

Nanotubes are one of the most important classes of 1D nanomaterial which can be used as reinforcing filler for the polymers and biopolymers. Out of several organic/inorganic nanotubes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were most studied due to their high aspect ratio, outstanding mechanical and thermal properties. Nanotubes have potential to increase the physical properties of the biopolymer even at very low loading. The properties of nanotube-filled nanocomposite depend on various parameters like the aspect ratio, dispersion, and interaction between filler and polymer. To improve the utilization and maximum potential of these fillers, it is important to understand the mechanisms of reinforcement. It will help the future researchers to find out the limitations and issues with existent processing method of nanotube-based nanocomposite which is required for further improvement. In this regard, this chapter will help the researchers to fully understand the current progress in processing method, issues, and possible methods to prepare an ideal nanotube and biopolymer-based nanocomposites. This chapter will discuss only biopolymer-based nanocomposites filled by the two most important 1D tubular nanofillers, which are CNT and HNT. This study has been divided into three subtopics, namely (i) thermoplastic nanocomposites, (ii) thermoset nanocomposites, and (iii) natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites. It focuses on the fabrication processes, properties, and potential applications of CNT and HNT biopolymer nanocomposites.