MOE-based carrier tracking for multicarrier CDMA systems

A minimum-output-energy-based carrier tracking scheme is proposed for MC-CDMA systems. By utilizing an exponentially weighted empirical correlation whose weights are dictated by an adaptive forgetting factor, the proposed non-data-aided gradient-descent algorithm improves the tracking speed, while maintaining a small steady-state tracking error. Simulation results show that it takes only around 160 iterations to converge in response to an abrupt carrier frequency change of 10% of the intercarrier spacing.