Molecular Mechanisms of Regulated Cell Pattering by the Mammalian Thioredoxin System

The mammalian thioredoxin system sustains a number of important reductive pathways in cells and is selenium dependent as a result of the thioredoxin reductase isoenzymes being selenoproteins. The cytosolic TrxR1/TXNRD1 enzyme is also a crucial player in modulation of redox regulatory pathways, which includes regulation of PTP1B activity [1], Nrf2 activation [2], switches in metabolic pathways [3] and regulation of cellular differentiation programs [4]. The conundrum is how, when and by what mechanisms the effects on cell patterning by the mammalian thioredoxin system are occurring, which will be discussed in this presentation.