Law Reform by Courts, Legislatures, and Commissions Following Empirical Research on Jury Instructions

Empirical research demonstrates that jurors have difficulty understanding and following traditional instructions about the law. The social science literature recommends several procedural reforms, including giving important instructions at the start of the trial and providing jurors with written instructions. This article examines changes in the law following the p!ublication of this social science research, omrparing courts, legislatures and rule-making ornommisions. Analysis reveals that although all three institutions are dominated by lawyers, they have acted differently. Commisrsions have made substantial changes in the law consistent with the recommendations of social scientists, legislatures have made few changes, and courts have changed case law in the opposite direction, suggesting support for a theory of institutional context.