Functionalized nanomaterials and the environment

Nanotechnology has been a boon to the field of science which is in search of materials that emerge out to be multifunctional and advantageous to both human and ecosystem. Nanosystems, materials with nanoscale particles, are optimistically utilized for innumerable purposes in various industries including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and electronics and also find their applications in environment for detection, remediation, purification, and wastewater treatment. Perhaps nanoparticles are in recent times used up as smart materials by adding chemicals or biomolecules to produce functionalized nanomaterials (FNMs). These next-generation nanomaterials have carved their own niche in the sectors of public health and environment with enhanced properties and characteristics via surface modification. In this chapter, functionalization of nanomaterials and their use in the environmental applications are largely discussed. Although FNMs are considered to be positively approaching the ecosystem, the elimination and subsequent toxicity are major challenges. The limitations of using FNMs and the ways to mitigate harm are also detailed in this chapter along with the scope of their utility in the near future.