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57Fe transmission Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry were used to study clay mineral samples originated from two different regions (Um-arrazm and Alkawasim) of Libya in order to get information about their mineralogical composition to assess their potential for use in the Libyan oil industry. In the samples originated from Um-arrazm calcite, akaganeite and nontronite while in the samples originated from Alkawasim quartz, akaganeite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite, mica and hematite were identified with different ratios by using diffraction method. The differences in the phase composition of iron-containing phases of samples from different localities have reflected in the complex Mossbauer spectra at both 300 K and 80 K. For the samples originated from Um-arrazm the Mossbauer parameters of subspectra were identified as nontronite and akaganeite.