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Cosmology based on non-expanding 4D space, no true dimension of time, and no dark energy

Authors :
Markolf H. Niemz
Siegfried W. Stein
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
Center for Open Science, 2022.

Abstract

We present a theory of relativity based on four dimensions of space. In terms of impact, 4D space compares to 4D spacetime as the heliocentric compares to the geocentric model! We claim that 4D space is neither expanding nor curved by energy or mass. We also claim that time, although a useful concept in everyday life, is not a dimension of the universe. Time is just a misinterpretation of a suppressed dimension of space. The suppression is due to length contraction when moving at the speed of light. We derive this effect from 4D space geometry and prove that time dilation is equivalent to length contraction in one dimension of 4D space. We claim that the universe is a 3D projection of an expanding 4D hypersurface. Our situation is similar to that of an ant: Since it doesn't observe a third dimension, it can't understand 3D effects. Since we don't observe a fourth dimension, we can't understand 4D effects unless we discuss them in 4D space! We solve ten mysteries at one single blow: (1) the mystery of time, (2) of time's arrow, (3) of E_0=mc^2, (4) of why the background radiation is isotropic, (5) of Hubble's law, (6) of why the universe is flat, (7) of discrepancies in the Hubble constant, (8) of expanding space, (9) of dark energy, and (10) of spontaneity in particle physics. The secret to 4D space is its full symmetry in all dimensions. It thus shines with simplicity and beauty.

Details

Database :
OpenAIRE
Accession number :
edsair.doi...........659cdbbed6279b6c267909e689ce1030
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/5jmp9