Optimization of welding conditions for hot-wire GMAW with CO2 shielding on heavy-thick butt joint

The purpose of this study was to optimize the conditions of the gas–metal arc welding using CO2 shield gas (CO2 arc welding) with hot-wire feeding technology. A high-speed camera was used to investigate welding phenomena of a butt joint of 36-mm-thick steel plates. The optimum parameters were determined under combinations of the welding current (300 or 400 A) and hot-wire feeding speed (0 to 12.5 m/min) to avoid molten metal precedence. A sound joint was achieved with only four weld passes using optimum conditions. Adequate joint properties, including tensile strength and toughness, were obtained. The optimum conditions provided a welding process with both high efficiency and low heat input.