Feasibility and effects of 6-month home-based digitally supported E-Fit program utilizing high-intensity interval exercises in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a randomized controlled pilot study

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients have lower physical activities when compared with healthy controls, and are associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD), muscle strength and poorer quality of life (QoL). We aimed to assess the feasibility and effects of 6-month home-based digitally supported E-Fit comprised of high-intensity interval exercises for AIS patients. 40 AIS girls aged 11-14 were randomly assigned to E-Fit or control group. E-Fit group participated in an online 6-month home-based exercise program. At baseline, 6-months and 12-months follow-up, BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle functions, physical activity using Modified Baecke Questionnaire (MBQ), and QoL using Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22r) and feedback questionnaire were investigated. 14 in E-Fit and 16 in control group completed the study. Both groups had similar baseline characteristics. At 6-months, E-Fit group showed better improvement and significant interaction effect in left femoral neck bone mineral content (p=0.021) and isometric curl up test (p=0.04). Left arm lean mass showed better improvement between 6-months and 12-months follow-up (p=0.046) and whole-body areal BMD had significant interaction effect at 12-months follow-up (p=0.077). Improvement on self-image, work and sports participation were noted in E-Fit group across time. 70% of E-Fit participants were positive towards domestic application via online platform. E-Fit showed some benefits on bone health, muscle functions, physical activity and QoL measures. Current study indicated some potential physical and psychological benefits of E-Fit for AIS girls. E-Fit was feasible to conduct online at home and might have value of promoting exercise habits among relatively inactive AIS girls.