Crustal evolution of the Eastern Block in the North China Craton: Constraints from zircon U–Pb geochronology and Lu–Hf isotopes of the Northern Liaoning Complex

The Northern Liaoning Complex in northeastern China constitutes an important component of the Eastern Block in the North China Craton. The major lithologies consist of Archean granitoid gneisses with minor supracrustal rocks occurring as tectonic lenses. This study presents zircon Lu–Hf isotopic data for the first time as well as new SHRIMP zircon U–Pb data of the major lithologies from the Northern Liaoning Complex, in order to elucidate the crustal evolution of the complex and provide new constraints on the Neoarchean crustal evolution of the Eastern Block in the North China Craton. Magmatic zircon U–Pb data from this study show that the protolith magmas of the supracrustal rocks and granitoid gneisses were generated during ∼2.55–2.50 Ga. Metamorphic zircons document consistent metamorphic ages at 2.49–2.48 Ga, suggesting a regional metamorphic event immediately after the magmatism at the end of the Neoarchean in the Northern Liaoning Complex. Inherited/detrital zircons of 2.79–2.60 Ga suggest possible existence of ancient crust in this region. Zircon Lu–Hf isotopic compositions show that the magmatic zircons have variable ɛHf(t) values from −4.0 to +9.0 with depleted mantle model ages of 3.6–2.5 Ga, of which most ɛHf(t) values are positive with a model age peak at 2.9–2.7 Ga. These zircon Hf signatures reveal major juvenile crustal growth with additions of older crustal materials during 2.9–2.7 Ga, and a crustal reworking event with minor juvenile additions at 2.6–2.5 Ga in the studied area. Integrated with previous data from other Neoarchean complexes in the Eastern Block, both the major juvenile crustal growth during 2.9–2.7 Ga and the strong crustal reworking at 2.6–2.5 Ga contribute to the extensive Neoarchean crust formation of the Eastern Block in the North China Craton. The North China Craton share similar Neoarchean continental crustal evolution to other cratons in the world, though it is distinctively featured by intensive tectonothermal overprinting at the end of the Neoarchean.