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This is the second part of the JPR special issue "Processing of grammatical gender" documenting the Processing of Grammatical Gender workshop held in Leipzig, Germany, in July 1998. The special issue is organized into two sections. The first section, presented in Part I of JPR, has been devoted to papers on language comprehension. This part presents mainly work on language production. For the editorial of this special issue, please refer to Part I in the previous issue of JPR (Volume 28, Number 5). Part II is led into by a review article on the representation and processing of grammatical gender in language production (Schriefers & Jescheniak). The first empirical paper by Marx investigates the levels of processing that give rise to the gender-identity effect observed in German speech errors. Vigliocco and Zilli employed induced speech errors in Italian normal and aphasic speakers to investigate whether nonsyntactic—both conceptual and morphophonological—information is used in encoding the syntactic structure of a sentence and whether the integration of syntactic and nonsyntactic information can be differentially impaired in Broca's aphasics. Turennout et al. used motor-related brain potentials to investigate the time course of grammatical and phonological processes during speech production in Dutch. Their results provide evidence that grammatical processes precede phonological processes. Bentrovato et al. report interacting effects of semantic sentence context and grammatical gender on picture naming. Results are interpreted in support of interactive activation models of language processing. Akhutina et al. present four experiments establishing gender priming in Russian using an auditory word repetition naming paradigm. Hagoort & Brown present event-related brain potential evidence for the syntactic nature of grammatical gender processing during sentence comprehension. Two research notes close the special issue. In the first note, Jescheniak reports two experiments on Introduction to Part II of the Special Issue, "Processing of Grammatical Gender"