Real-time physically-based facial expression animation using mass-spring system

We propose a physically-based approach based on anatomical knowledge for real-time facial expression animation. The facial model incorporates a physically-based approximation to facial skin and a set of anatomically-motivated facial muscles. The skin is modeled by a mass-spring system with nonlinear springs which have a biphasic stress-strain relationship to simulate the elastic dynamics of real facial skin. Facial muscles are modeled as forces deforming the spring mesh. Based on the action units (AUs) of the facial action coding system (FACS), various expressions can be generated by a combination of contractions of a set of facial muscles. Lagrangian mechanics governs the dynamics, dictating the deformation of the facial surface in response to muscle forces. Simulation results show real-time facial deformation as well as realistic expression animation.