Influence of the Electric vehicle battery size and EV penetration rate on the potential capacity of Vehicle-to-grid

The idea that electric vehicles can connect to grid to serve as energy storage energy devices is compelling, especially in situations where traditional forms of storage, back-up energy supply is unavailable or expensive, or considering the volatility of frequency. So far, the viability and reliability of vehicle-to-grid(V2G) has become a very popular research topic. Previous studies mainly focused on the maximum potential of V2G capacity, which, however, is usually unrealistic to achieve. The potential capacity of V2G is relevant to the size of batteries and the penetration rates of electric vehicle. This article developed an agent-based model to estimate the real amount of electricity that vehicles can discharge to the grid. Three battery sizes under the penetration rate of 90% and the penetration rate from 10% to 90% were investigated. The results show that the increase of battery capacity led to an increase of V2G potential capacity from 1650.2 kW to 1868.5 kW and that increase from 10% to 90% in penetration rate could account for V2G potential capacity change from 162.8 kW to 1650.2 kW.