Emulsiones lipídicas en la intoxicación por anestésicos locales y otros fármacos. Revisión sobre mecanismos de acción y recomendaciones de uso

Intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) have been used widely for the treatment of local anesthetic (LA) poisoning and have been proposed as a treatment for intoxication by other drugs. However, the degree of evidence for this kind of therapy is not strong, as it comes mostly from clinical cases. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the proposed mechanisms of action for ILEs in poisoning by LA and other drugs and to evaluate recent studies in animals that support the recommendations for their use and the experience in humans that support the use of ILESs in both LA and other drug poisoning. For this purpose, a search was performed in the Embase, Medline and Google Scholar databases covering relevant articles over the last 10 years. In the case of AL poisoning, we recommend applying the protocols dictated by international guidelines, knowing that the degree of evidence is not very high. In poisoning by other drugs, ILEs are recommended in serious situations induced by liposoluble xenobiotics that do not respond to standard treatment.