Modification of Steel and Alloys with Rare-Earth Elements. Part 2*

The effect of technology of introducing REM on the composition and shape of nonmetallic inclusions and physicomechanical properties of carbon and low-alloy steels for different purposes is analyzed, and criteria are provided for REM consumption in relation to sulfur and oxygen content within metal, making it possible to determine the optimum REM distribution with which there is an increase in ductility properties, impact energy, and sheet and plate anisotropy properties of the sheet are reduced. Microalloying of carbon and alloy steels and alloys with REM improves corrosion resistance, hot ductility, thermal shock resistance, and other operating properties.