On deuteron interactions within surrogate reactions and nuclear level density studies

The consequences which the suitable consideration of direct interaction, namely the breakup, stripping and pick-up processes, may have for the analysis of the deuteron surrogate reacions as well as for studies of nuclear-level density models on the basis of nucleon spectra analysis in deuteron-induced reactions are discussed. An increased attention is paid to the deuteron breakup which is the dominant mechanism for the interaction processes at low incident energies around Coulomb barrier, particularly on actinides.