Prognostic value of semi-quantitative parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of fluroine-18 fluorodexyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) semi-quantitative parameter in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) and to design a new staging system including 18F-FDG PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters for NDMM. Methods A total of 38 NDMM patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT examination in Yichang Central People’s Hospital from February 2014 to April 2021 were collected. The relationship between the characteristics of 18F-FDG PET/CT (metabolic tumor volume of all lesions (aMTV), total lesion glycolysis of all lesions (aTLG), maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of the lesion with largest MTV (mSUVmax), extramedullary disease (EMD), focal lesions (FLs)), the laboratory parameters, and prognostic parameters (progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)) were analyzed retrospectively. SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for statistical processing, Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival analysis, Log-rank method was used for univariate analysis, and Cox proportional risk model was used for multivariate analysis. Results Univariate analysis showed that aMTV ≥ 90.97cm3, aTLG ≥ 283.31 g, hemoglobin (Hb) p 3, aTLG ≥ 283.31 g, Hb p 3 was an independent risk factor for PFS in NDMM patients, p 3, mSUVmax ≥ 5.8, and the presence of EMD were independent risk factors for OS in the NDMM patients, all p p = 0.000. Conclusion aMTV can predict PFS and OS of NDMM patients better than other parameters. NS which combined with aMTV can predict OS of NDMM patients better and can provide an accurate and simple method for risk stratification of NDMM patients.