Drought Hazards and Mitigation Measures

Droughts are manifestations of significant shortages in all domains of the water cycle. They have adverse impacts on the environment, water availability and water quality, water supply system, hydropower generation, navigation, groundwater balances, vegetation cover, agricultural production, etc. of the affected region. Drought is a regular part of natural cycles and single-most weather related natural disaster affecting livelihoods, developmental activities, natural resources (water, soil, and biodiversity) and economy of a country (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drought). Although droughts may persist for several years, even a short, intense drought can cause significant damage and severely affect local economy. This global phenomenon has a widespread impact on agriculture. Indeed drought is one of the most serious problems arising from climate variability for human societies and ecosystems (Yurekli and Kurune, 2006). The occurrence of droughts is not limited to a particular region. It has been observed that their impact has been completely different in developed and developing nations because of several socio-economic and political factors influencing both behavioral and management patterns. Even within the developing countries, the effects of droughts can vary significantly, but the fact remains that the economically weaker countries or groups in a country are most severely affected by the droughts.