Nanocomposites Based on Magnesium for Hydrogen Storage: Achievements and Prospects (A Survey)

We describe three fundamental problems of hydrogen power engineering, namely, the problems of efficient production, storage, and use of hydrogen. We present a survey of recent works devoted to the investigation of various types of materials used for hydrogen accumulation and, in particular, of magnesium-based nanocomposites as the most promising materials. Our main attention is given to the analysis of the sizes of particles of the components of composite materials and the effect of catalytic admixtures on the parameters of hydrogen sorption and desorption. We present a brief overview of our results on the mechanochemical synthesis of MgH2, as well as of the new results obtained for Mg-based composites with nano-Ti admixtures, including the synthesis and properties of composites produced from Ukrainian raw materials. The prospects of application of magnesium-based hydride composites are also demonstrated.