Prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in facial trauma patients: A cross-sectional study

Background To evaluate the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in facial trauma patients admitted to the Ibn ROCHD University Hospital of Casablanca, we initiated this study. Indeed, facial trauma is damage that can have serious repercussions on the mental health of patients. However, there is little data in Morocco. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Ibn Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca from January to April 2019 among facial trauma patients without a history of anxiety and depressive disorders, admitted to the Maxillofacial Surgery Department within 72 hours of the trauma. The patients' socio-demographic and clinical data were collected through a questionnaire, and then the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was applied to assess depression and anxiety. In addition to a descriptive analysis of the results, a multinomial regression analysis was performed to assess factors that might be associated with depression and anxiety. Results Among 50 facial trauma patients admitted to the Ibn Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca and included in our study, 11 had symptoms of anxiety (22%) and 12 had symptoms of depression (24%) according to the HADS classification. The mean HADS anxiety and depression subscale scores of the patients were 7.32±4.17 and 6.32±5.10, respectively. Although gender (OR = 2.28 [0.35; 5.70] females), marital status (OR = 3.30 [0.70; 12.70] singles), occupation (OR = 2.66 [0.58; 12.18] not employed), and circumstances of occurrence (OR = 3.66 [0.35; 15.70] public roads) increased the risk of anxiety in patients without anxiety (HADS score≤7); none of these factors was statistically associated with either anxiety or depression. Conclusions This cross-sectional study showed that the prevalence of anxiety and depression in victims of facial trauma is very high in Casablanca. Key messages The prevalence of anxiety and depression among facial trauma victims is very high. Gender, marital status, occupation, and circumstances of occurrence non-significantly increase the risk of anxiety and depression.