Functionalized and degradable polymers of malic acid stimulate bone repair

A water soluble and hydrolysable polyester derived from malic acid has been synthesized by copolymerization of three different malolactonic acid esters. Functional pendant groups have been selected to interact with and protect heparin binding growth factors (HBGF). Three β-substituted β-lactones have been synthesized by using aspartic acid as a chiral precursor and benzyl, allyl and butyl alcohols in the formation of the ester pendant groups. The terpolymer has been subjected to three consecutive different chemical modifications. This modified terpolymer, able to induce new bone formation in an in vivo model, has the same property as carboxymethyl benzylamide sulfonate dextrans (CMDBS). Consequently, the distribution of the lateral functional groups is more essential than the glucidic nature of the backbone to acquire biological efficiency.