Volcanic eruption detection by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments: a 22-year record of sulphur dioxide and ash emissions

* Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (NASA/UMBC), University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. Email: scarn@umbc.edu † Department of Geological Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA. ‡ Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology (GEST) Center, Code 916, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.