Nootropic and Neuroprotective Effects of Ethanol Extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. on Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Deficit in Mice

The aim of this investigation was to explore the neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ethanolic extract on scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficit in young mice. The nootropic and neuroprotective potential of the extract in scopolamine induced amnesic mice was evaluated by elevated plus maze, step-down avoidance, and Morris water maze tests after 14 days of daily administration. The extract significantly enhanced learning, memory function, improved spatial recognition, as well as successfully reversed scopolamine-induced amnesia. Also, it significantly decreased the brain acetylcholinesterase activity and optimized brain catecholamine levels. Histopathological results confirmed the protective effect of the extract on hippocampal and cortical neurons. These findings suggest that ethanolic extract of H. sabdariffa can confer neuroprotection and augment memory. In conclusion, H. sabdariffa can be used in the management of amnesia and neurodegenerative diseases involving learning, memory, and cognitive dysfunctions.